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Abstract
Within the framework of the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS), we introduce S-PLUS Clusters And Large-scale Environments (SCALE), a project dedicated to the study of galaxy clusters, groups, and their environments using 12-band photometry of S-PLUS combined with spectroscopic and photometric data from the literature. In this first paper, we present a catalog of 83 previously known systems in the redshift range \(0.008 \leq z_{\rm spec} \leq 0.1\), for which we derive \(R_{200}\), \(M_{200}\), and velocity dispersions. Spectroscopic members are selected and matched with S-PLUS photometric redshifts (photo-\(z\)s). We find excellent agreement between literature spectroscopic redshifts (spec-\(z\)s) and S-PLUS photometric redshifts (photo-\(z\)s), demonstrating the potential of the latter for cluster and group membership determination. As a proof of concept, we obtain photometric memberships for Abell 4038 using the Reliable Photometric Membership technique. A two- and three-dimensional analysis of the region within \(10 h^{-1}\) Mpc (\(10\times R_{200}\)) from the center of Abell 4038 reveals about a dozen substructures including two additional clusters within \(1.3\times R_{200}\) (Abell 4038B and Abell 4049). A color–luminosity segregation analysis shows that more luminous (less luminous) galaxies are redder (bluer), as expected. Low-concentration galaxies (\(C \leq 2.5\)) exhibit a weaker color–luminosity dependence, compared to higher-concentration ones, indicating mass-dependent evolutionary pathways that challenge a simple morphology–color dichotomy, with low-luminosity galaxies presenting bluer colors largely independent of concentration. The SCALE catalog provides a valuable basis for future studies of large-scale structures and their connection to galaxy evolution.
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References
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